SDG Country Profiles

Population and migration

Population (mid-year estimates)	43.99	Millions (2019)
Share of population 65 years of age an over	23.37	Percent (2019)
Share of population under 15 years of age	15.94	Percent (2019)
Share of urban population	69.47	Percent (2019)
Life expectancy at birth	70.91	Years (2015)
Population growth	-0.38	Percent (2015)
Total fertility rate	1.49	Children per woman (2015)
International migrant stock as percent of total population	11.23	Percent (2017)
Number of refugees and people in refugee-like situations	3,225	(2018)
Number of asylum seekers, including pending cases	6,286	(2018)

National accounts and labour market

GDP in current prices	112,154.16	Millions of US dollars (2017)
GDP per capita	2,536.11	US dollars (2017)
Labour force participation rate	53.7	Percent (2019)
Share of agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing in total gross value added	12.11	Percent (2017)
Share of industry in total gross value added	28.39	Percent (2017)
Share of services in total gross value added	59.5	Percent (2017)
Tourism expenditure	1,999	Millions of US dollars (2017)
Unemployment rate	8.59	Percent (2019)
GDP real growth rate	2.52	Percent (2017)

Trade and balance of payments

Balance of Payments: Capital account	37	Millions of US dollars (2018)
Balance of Payments: Current account	-4,287	Millions of US dollars (2018)
Balance of Payments: Financial account	-2,622.24	Millions of US dollars (2018)
Balance of trade	-10,645.3	Millions of US dollars (2018)
Exports FOB	47,348.03	Millions of US dollars (2018)
Imports CIF	57,993.33	Millions of US dollars (2018)
Net energy imports	1,187	Petajoules (2016)
Share of exports to top export partner	9.08	Percent (2018)
Share of imports to top import partner	14.56	Percent (2018)

Environment

Surface area	603.5	km2 (2017)
Land area	57,929	Hectares (2016)
Arable land as percent of total land area	56.58	Percent (2016)
Permanent crops as percent of total land area	1.55	Percent (2016)
Forest cover as percent of total land area	16.71	Percent (2016)

1No Poverty
2Zero Hunger
3Good Health and Well-being
4Quality Education
5Gender Equality
6Clean Water and Sanitation
7Affordable and Clean Energy
8Decent Jobs and Economic Growth
9Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
10Reduced Inequalities
11Sustainable Cities and Communities
12Responsible Consumption and Production
13Climate Action
14Life Below Water
15Life on Land
16Peace and Justice - Strong Institutions
17Partnerships for the Goals

No Poverty

End poverty in all its forms everywhere

The proportion of the population living below the extreme poverty line was 0.0 % in 2018.

Proportion of population below the international poverty line (percent)

In 2016, 0.0 % of the country's workers and their families were living on less than 1.90 US dollars per person per day

Proportion of employed population below the international poverty line (percent)

The proportion of population living below the national poverty line declined from 83.3 % in 2002 to 2.4% in 2017.

Proportion of population living below the national poverty line (percent)

100

The proportion of mothers with newborns receiving maternity cash benefit was 100.0 % in 2018.

In 2018, 43.0 % of the country's poor population were receiving social assistance cash benefit

100

The proportion of children/households receiving child/family cash benefit was 100.0 % in 2018.

In 2018, 17.0 % of the country's unemployed persons were receiving unemployment cash benefit

Proportion of unemployed persons receiving unemployment cash benefit (percent)

The proportion of vulnerable population receiving social assistance cash benefit was 39.0 % in 2018.

The proportion of population covered by at least one social protection benefit was 73.0 % in 2018.

100

In 2018, 100.0 % of the country's population with severe disabilities were receiving disability cash benefit

The proportion of population above statutory pensionable age receiving a pension was 96.0 % in 2018.

Proportion of population above statutory pensionable age receiving a pension (percent)

The proportion of population using basic drinking water services was 93.8 % in 2017.

Proportion of population using basic drinking water services (percent)

The proportion of population using basic sanitation services was 96.2 % in 2017.

Proportion of population using basic sanitation services (percent)

The direct economic loss attributed to disasters relative to GDP was 0.0 % in 2019.

The direct agriculture loss attributed to disasters declined from 11.0 million dollars in 2005 to 5.8 million dollars in 2019.

Direct agriculture loss attributed to disasters (million dollars)

The direct economic loss in the housing sector attributed to disasters increased from 1.4 million dollars in 2005 to 22.7 million dollars in 2019.

Direct economic loss in the housing sector attributed to disasters (million dollars)

The direct economic loss resulting from damaged or destroyed critical infrastructure due to disasters was declined from 21.3 million dollars in 2005 to 3.4 million dollars in 2019.

Direct economic loss resulting from damaged or destroyed critical infrastructure attributed to disasters (million dollars)

The proportion of total government spending on essential education services increased from 11.4 % in 2000 to 13.1% in 2017.

Proportion of total government spending on essential services, education (percent)

Zero Hunger

End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture

The proportion of the population suffering from hunger was 3.5 % in 2018 .

Prevalence of undernourishment (percent)

The number of undernourished people increased from 1.5 million in 2001 to 1.6 million in 2018.

Number of undernourished people (millions)

The proportion of the adult population suffering from moderate or severe food insecurity was 18.3 % in 2018.

Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in the adult population (percent)

The total population suffering from moderate or severe food insecurity was 8114.8 thousand people in 2018.

Total population in moderate or severe food insecurity (thousands)

The proportion of the adult population suffering from severe food insecurity was 1.6 % in 2018.

Prevalence of severe food insecurity in the adult population (percent)

The total population suffering from severe food insecurity was 721.6 thousand people in 2018.

Total population in severe food insecurity (thousands)

22.9

In 2000, 22.9 % of children under 5 years of age had stunted growth

493.6

thousand children moderately or severely stunted

In 2000, there were 493.6 thousand children moderately or severely stunted .

8.2

The proportion of children under 5 years of age who where moderately or severely wasted was 8.2 % in 2000.

177.3

thousand children moderately or severely wasted

In 2000, there were 177.3 thousand children moderately or severely wasted .

26.5

The proportion of overweight children under 5 years of age was 26.5 % in 2000.

571.7

thousand children moderately or severely overweight

In 2000, there were 571.7 thousand children moderately or severely overweight .

local breeds

In 2019, there were 0.0 local breeds with sufficient genetic resources stored for reconstitution.

In 2019, there were 94025.0 plant breeds with sufficient genetic resources stored.

Plant breeds for which sufficient genetic resources are stored (breeds)

The share local breeds classified as being at risk (among those with known level of extinction risk) decreased from 80.0 % in 2000 to 69.0% in 2019.

Proportion of local breeds classified as being at risk as a share of local breeds with known level of extinction risk (percent)

The agriculture orientation index for government expenditures decreased from 0.2 in 2001 to 0.1 in 2018.

Agriculture orientation index for government expenditures (index)

The share of agriculture value added in total GDP declined from 14.0 % in 2001 to 10.1% in 2018.

Agriculture value added as a proportion of GDP (percent)

The agriculture share of total government expenditure declined from 2.5 % in 2001 to 1.4% in 2018.

Agriculture share of government expenditure (percent)

Agricultural export subsidies increased from 53.9 millions dollas at constant prices of 2018 in 2005 to 192.5 millions dollas at constant prices of 2018 in 2018.

Total official flows (disbursements) received for agriculture (millions of constant 2018 dollars)

0.4

The Consumer Food Price Index was 0.4 in 2017.

Good Health and Well-being

Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages

The maternal mortality ratio decreased from 35.0 per 100,000 live births in 2000 to 19.0 per 100,000 live births in 2017.

Maternal mortality ratio (deaths per 100,000 live births)

The number of infant deaths fell from 6427.0 in 2000 to 3199.0 in 2018.

Infant deaths (number)

The mortality rate of children under 5 years of age fell from 18.4 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000 to 8.7 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2018.

Under-five mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births)

The infant mortality rate fell from 15.8 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000 to 7.5 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2018.

Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births)

The number of under-five deaths fell from 7609.0 in 2000 to 3779.0 in 2018.

Under-five deaths (number)

The number of neonatal deaths fell from 4463.0 in 2000 to 2180.0 in 2018.

Neonatal deaths (number)

The neonatal mortality rate fell from 11.1 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2000 to 5.2 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2018.

Neonatal mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births)

In 2018, there were about 0.3 people in every 100,000 uninfected population that became newly infected with HIV.

Number of new HIV infections per 1,000 uninfected population (new infections per 1,000 uninfected population)

In 2018, the incidence of tuberculosis was 80.0 per 100,000 population .

Tuberculosis incidence (cases per 100,000 population)

0.5

The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was 0.5 % in 2015.

The number of people requiring interventions against neglected tropical diseases was 0.0 in 2018.

People requiring interventions against neglected tropical diseases (number)

The risk of dying between the ages of 30 and 70 from one of four main non-communicable diseases (cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory disease) declined from 34.3 % in 2000 to 24.7% in 2016.

Mortality rate attributed to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory disease among population 30 to 70 years old (probability)

In 2016, the number of deaths attributed to cardiovascular disease was 402391.0 .

Deaths attributed to cardiovascular disease (number)

The suicide mortality rate fell from 36.9 deaths per 1,000 population in 2000 to 22.4 deaths per 1,000 population in 2016.

Suicide mortality rate (deaths per 100,000 population)

In 2016, the number of deaths attributed to suicide was 9952.0 .

Deaths attributed to suicide (number)

The 12-month prevalence of alcohol use disorders was 6.0 % in 2016.

Alcohol consumption per captita among population aged 15 years and older fell from 12.5 litres of pure alcohol in 2000 to 8.3 litres of pure alcohol in 2018.

Annual alcohol consumption per capita among population aged 15 years and older (litres of pure alcohol)

The death rate due to road traffic injuries was 13.7 deaths per 100,000 population in 2016.

Death rate due to road traffic injuries (deaths per 100,000 population)

The proportion of women of reproductive age who have their need for family planning satisfied with modern methods was 68.0 % in 2012.

The adolescent birth rate declined from 32.1 per 1,000 women aged 15-19 years in 2000 to 19.1 per 1,000 women aged 15-19 years in 2017.

Adolescent birth rate (births per 1,000 women aged 15-19 years)

The universal health coverage (UHC) service coverage index increased from 47.0 in 2000 to 68.0 in 2017.

Universal health coverage (UHC) index (index)

The proportion of population with health expenditures above 25% of total household expenditure or income declined from 1.8 % in 2002 to 0.9% in 2014.

Proportion of population with household expenditures on health greater than 25% of total household expenditure or income (percent)

The proportion of population with health expenditures above 10% of total household expenditure or income declined from 12.4 % in 2002 to 7.8% in 2014.

Proportion of population with household expenditures on health greater than 10% of total household expenditure or income (percent)

per 100,000 population

The age-standardized mortality rate attributed to household air pollution was 8.0 deaths per 100,000 population in 2016.

deaths per 1,000 population

The age-standardized mortality rate attributed to ambient air pollution was 64.0 deaths per 1,000 population in 2016.

0.3

deaths per 1,000 population

The mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene was 0.3 deaths per 1,000 population in 2016.

The mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisonings fell from 7.6 deaths per 1,000 population in 2000 to 2.5 deaths per 1,000 population in 2016.

Mortality rate attributed to unintentional poisonings (deaths per 100,000 population)

Age-standardized prevalence of current tobacco use among persons aged 15 years and older fell from 38.8 % in 2000 to 25.5% in 2018.

Age-standardized prevalence of current tobacco use among persons aged 15 years and older (percent)

The proportion of the target population with access to 3 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) declined from 99.0 % in 2000 to 50.0% in 2018.

Proportion of the target population with access to 3 doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) (percent)

The proportion of the target population with access to measles-containing-vaccine second-dose (MCV2) declined from 99.0 % in 2000 to 90.0% in 2018.

Proportion of the target population with access to measles-containing-vaccine second-dose (MCV2) (percent)

Net disbursement of total official development assistance received for medical research and basic heath sectors was 49.0 millions of 2018 dollars in 2018.

Net disbursement of total official development assistance received for medical research and basic heath sectors (millions of 2018 dollars)

Gross disbursements of total official development assistance received for medical research and basic heath sectors was increased from 8.4 millions of 2018 dollars in 2005 to 49.1 millions of 2018 dollars in 2018.

Gross disbursements of total official development assistance received for medical research and basic heath sectors (millions of constant 2018 dollars)

In 2014, there were about 29.9 medical doctors for every 10,000 persons in the population.

Health worker density: medical doctors (medical doctors per 10,000 population)

Quality Education

Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all

The completion rate of lower secondary education was 99.6 % in 2013.

Completion rate of primary education (percent)

In 2012, 89.0 % of children aged 36-59 months were developmentally on track in at least three of the following domains: literacy-numeracy, physical development, social-emotional development, and learning

The gender parity index for primary school teachers who were trained was 1.0 in 2018 , meaning 100.0 female primary school teachers per 100 male primary school teachers were trained.

The adjusted rural to urban parity index for primary completion rate was 1.0 in 2013.

The adjusted bottom to top wealth quintile parity index for primary completion rate was 1.0 in 2013.

The adjusted gender parity index for primary completion rate was 1.0 in 2013.

The proportion of primary schools with access to computers for pedagogical purposes was 81.5 % in 2018.

Proportion of primary schools with access to computers for pedagogical purposes (percent)

100

The proportion of primary schools with access to electricity was 100.0 % in 2018.

The proportion of primary schools with basic handwashing facilities was 78.3 % in 2018.

Proportion of primary schools with basic handwashing facilities (percent)

The proportion of primary schools with access to the internet for pedagogical purposes was 57.8 % in 2018.

Proportion of primary schools with access to the internet for pedagogical purposes (percent)

The proportion of primary schools with access to adapted infrastructure and materials for students with disabilities was 66.0 % in 2018.

Proportion of primary schools with access to adapted infrastructure and materials for students with disabilities (percent)

Total official flows received for scholarships increased from 1.2 million dollars at constant 2018 prices in 2006 to 11.3 million dollars at constant 2018 prices in 2018.

Total official flows received for scholarships (millions of constant 2018 dollars)

The proportion of primary school teachers who have received at least the minimum organized teacher training (e.g. pedagogical training) pre-service or in-service required for teaching declined from 98.6 % in 2000 to 87.3% in 2018.

Proportion of primary school teachers with the minimum organized training required for teaching (percent)

Gender Equality

Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

points in a 0-100 scale

The degree to which legal frameworks promote, enforce and monitor gender equality in public life stood at 90.0 points in a 0-100 scale in 2018 .

83.3

points in a 0-100 scale

The degree to which legal frameworks promote, enforce and monitor gender equality with respect to violence against women stood at 83.3 points in a 0-100 scale in 2018 .

points in a 0-100 scale

The degree to which legal frameworks promote, enforce and monitor gender equality with respect to employment and economic benefits stood at 50.0 points in a 0-100 scale in 2018 .

81.8

points in a 0-100 scale

The degree to which legal frameworks promote, enforce and monitor gender equality with respect to marriage and family benefits stood at 81.8 points in a 0-100 scale in 2018 .

10.2

The proportion of ever-partnered women and girls 15 to 49 years old subjected to physical and/or sexual violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months was 10.2 % in 2007.

9.1

The proportion of women aged 20-24 years who were married or in a union before age 18 was 9.1 % in 2012.

0.1

The proportion of women aged 20-24 years who were married or in a union before age 15 was 0.1 % in 2012.

The proportion of seats held by women in single or lower houses of parliament increased from 7.8 % in 2000 to 20.8% in 2020.

Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments (percent)

In 2018, 40.4 % of managerial positions were held by women .

Proportion of women in managerial positions (percent)

The proportion of women aged 15-49 years who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care was 81.0 % in 2007.

86.3

The proportion of women 15 to 49 years old who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations was 86.3 % in 2007.

94.9

The proportion of women 15 to 49 years old who make their own informed decisions regarding contraceptive use was 94.9 % in 2007.

97.5

The proportion of women 15 to 49 years old who make their own informed decisions regarding reproductive health care was 97.5 % in 2007.

The extent to which country laws and regulations guarantee full and equal access to sexual and reproductive health care, information and education to women and men aged 15 years and older stood at 88.0 % in 2019 .

The extent to which country laws and regulations guarantee full and equal access to sexual and reproductive health care, information and education on maternity care to women and men aged 15 years and older stood at 86.0 % in 2019 .

100

The extent to which country laws and regulations guarantee full and equal access to contraceptive and family planning to women and men aged 15 years and older stood at 100.0 % in 2019 .

100

The extent to which country laws and regulations guarantee full and equal access to sexuality education to women and men aged 15 years and older stood at 100.0 % in 2019 .

The extent to which country laws and regulations guarantee full and equal access to sexual and reproductive health care, information and education on HIV and HPV to women and men aged 15 years and older stood at 75.0 % in 2019 .

Clean Water and Sanitation

Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

In 2017, 92.0 % of the population used a safely managed drinking water service--an improved source located on premises, available when needed and free from contamination

Proportion of population using safely managed drinking water services (percent)

In 2017, 68.5 % of the population used a "safely managed" sanitation service--a basic facility that safely disposes of human waste

Proportion of population using safely managed sanitation services (percent)

In 2017, 0.0 % of the population practiced open defecation

Proportion of population practicing open defecation (percent)

Water Use Efficiency stood at 7.8 US dollars per cubic meter in 2017 .

Water use efficiency (dollars per cubic meter)

In 2017, Level of water stress-- freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources--stood at 11.2 % , a decline from 23.7 % in 2000

Freshwater withdrawal as a proportion of available freshwater resources (percent)

The degree of integrated water resources management implementation was 39.0 % in 2018.

36.9

In 2017, The proportion of transboundary river and lake basins with an operational arrangement for water cooperation stood at 36.9 % .

2.3

% of total land area

The permanent water body exent stood at 2.3 % of total land area in 2018 .

Total gross disbursements of official development assistance received for water supply and sanitation increased from 4.8 million of constant 2018 dollars in 2005 to 11.3 million of constant 2018 dollars in 2018.

Total gross disbursements of official development assistance received for water supply and sanitation (millions of constant 2018 dollars)

The level of participation by users/communities in planning programs in rural drinking-water supply (where 3 = High; 2 = Moderate; 1 = Low; and 0 = NA) stood at 3.0 points in 2019 .

Level of participation by users/communities in planning programs in rural drinking-water supply (score)

points

The level of definition in procedures in law or policy for participation by service users/communities in planning program in rural drinking-water supply (where 10 = Clearly defined; 5 = Not clearly defined ; 0 = NA) stood at 10.0 points in 2019 .

points

The level of participation by users/communities in planning programs in water resources planning and management, by level of participation (where 3 = High; 2 = Moderate; 1 = Low; and 0 = NA) stood at 3.0 points in 2019 .

points

The level of definition of legal or policy procedures for participation by service users/communities in planning program in water resources planning and management (where 10 = Clearly defined; 5 = Not clearly defined ; 0 = NA) stood at 10.0 points in 2019 .

Affordable and Clean Energy

Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all

The proportion of the population with access to electricity was 100.0 % in 2017.

Proportion of population with access to electricity (percent)

In 2018, 95.0 % of the population relied primarily on clean fuels and technology .

Proportion of population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology (percent)

The share of renewable energy in the total final energy consumption increased from 1.3 % in 2000 to 6.5% in 2017.

Renewable energy share in the total final energy consumption (percent)

The level of primary energy intensity declined from 23.8 megajoules per dollar of GDP in constant 2011 PPP in 2000 to 11.2 megajoules per dollar of GDP in constant 2011 PPP in 2017.

Energy intensity level of primary energy (megajoules per dollar of GDP in constant 2011 PPP)

Decent Jobs and Economic Growth

Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all

The annual growth rate of real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita declined from 6.9 % in 2000 to 3.9% in 2018.

Annual growth rate of real GDP per capita (percent)

The annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person declined from 4.6 % in 2000 to 4.3% in 2019.

Annual growth rate of real GDP per employed person (percent)

33.3

in local currency

The average hourly earnings of employees reached 33.3 in local currency in 2016.

The total unemployment rate declined from 11.7 % in 2000 to 8.8% in 2018.

Unemployment rate (percent)

The proportion of youth not in education, employment or training was 16.5 % in 2017.

Proportion of people 15-24 year old not in education, employment or training (percent)

In 2018, the number of fatal occupational injuries among employees 3.6 per 100,000 employees .

Fatal occupational injuries among employees (per 100,000 employees)

The number of non-fatal occupational injuries among employees declined from 253.0 per 100,000 employees in 2000 to 49.1 per 100,000 employees in 2018.

Non-fatal occupational injuries among employees (per 100,000 employees)

In 2017, the level of national compliance with labour rights (freedom of association and collective bargaining) based on International Labour Organization (ILO) textual sources and national legislation stood at 0.7 .

Level of national compliance with labour rights (score)

In 2018, there were 97.4 ATMs per 100,000 adults .

Number of automated teller machines (ATMs) (per 100,000 adults)

In 2018, there were 0.4 commercial bank branches per 100,000 adults .

Number of commercial bank branches (per 100,000 adults)

In 2017, 62.9 % of adults had an account at a financial institution or mobile-money-service provider

Proportion of people 15 years and older with an account at a financial institution or mobile-money-service provider (percent)

Total official disbursements received in Aid for Trade increased from 173.0 millions of constant 2018 dollars in 2006 to 361.8 millions of constant 2018 dollars in 2018.

Total official flows (disbursement) for Aid for Trade, as recipient (millions of constant 2018 dollars)

Total official commitments pledged by donors in Aid for Trade increased from 81.5 millions of constant 2018 dollars in 2005 to 303.1 millions of constant 2018 dollars in 2018.

Total official flows (commitments) for Aid for Trade, as recipient (millions of constant 2018 dollars)

Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation

72.1

billion tonne kilometres

Freight volume by road transport was 72.1 billion tonne kilometres in 2018.

15.6

billion passenger kilometres

Passenger volume by air transport was 15.6 billion passenger kilometres in 2018.

Container port traffic (maritime transport) reached 1.2 million TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units) in 2018.

Container port traffic, maritime transport (million TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units))

Manufacturing value added per capita at constant 2015 prices was increased from 213.3 dollars in 2000 to 288.5 dollars in 2019.

Manufacturing value added per capita (constant 2015 dollars)

Manufacturing value added as a proportion of GDP declined from 14.9 % in 2000 to 12.5% in 2019.

Manufacturing value added as a proportion of GDP (percent)

Manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment declined from 13.5 % in 2009 to 12.4% in 2017.

Manufacturing employment as a proportion of total employment (percent)

5.2

The share of small-scale industries in total industry value added was 5.2 % in 2017.

16.5

The share of small-scale industries with a loan or line of credit declined from 17.6 % in 2008 to 16.5% in 2013.

Carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion decreased from 295.1 million tonnes in 2000 to 171.3 million tonnes in 2017.

Carbon dioxide emissions from fuel combustion (millions of tonnes)

Carbon dioxide emissions per dollar of manufacturing value added at constant prices of 2010 decreased from 7.8 kg in 2000 to 2.5 kg in 2017.

Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of manufacturing value added (kilogrammes of CO2 per constant 2010 dollars)

Carbon dioxide emissions per dollar of GDP at constant prices of 2010 decreased from 1.3 kg in 2000 to 0.5 kg in 2017.

Carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP (kilogrammes of CO2 per constant 2010 dollars)

In 2018, the share in GDP of investment in research and development (R&D) stood at 0.5 % , a decline from 1.0 % in 2000

Research and development expenditure as a proportion of GDP (percent)

In 2018, the density of full-time researchers per million inhabitants was 988.1 , a decline from 1475.4 in 2006

Researchers density (full-time researchers per million inhabitants)

Total official flows receivd for infrastructure increased from 270.5 millions of constant 2018 dollars in 2005 to 747.0 millions of constant 2018 dollars in 2018.

Total official flows for infrastructure, as recipient (millions of constant 2018 dollars)

The share of medium and high-tech industry in total value added increased from 23.3 % in 2000 to 29.2% in 2017.

Proportion of medium and high-tech industry value added in total value added (percent)

In 2018, 99.9 % of the population were covered by at least a 2G mobile network

Proportion of population covered by at least a 2G mobile network (percent)

In 2017, 90.0 % of the population were covered by at least a 3G mobile network

Proportion of population covered by at least a 3G mobile network (percent)

In 2017, 3.0 % of the population were covered by at least a 4G mobile network

Proportion of population covered by at least a 4G mobile network (percent)

Reduced Inequalities

Reduce inequality within and among countries

-1

The annual growth rate of household expenditure or income per capita was -1.0 % in 2018.

In 2018, 5.0 % of the population were living below half of the median income

Proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income (percent)

In 2017, 42.8 % of GDP was from labour, comprising wages and social protection transfers

Labour share of GDP (percent)

The share of non-performing loans in total gross loans declined from 58.0 % in 2005 to 52.8% in 2018.

Non-performing loans to total gross loans (percent)

The return on assets declined from 1.8 % in 2005 to 1.6% in 2018.

Return on assets (percent)

The ratio of regulatory capital to assets declined from 11.9 % in 2005 to 10.8% in 2018.

Regulatory capital to assets (percent)

The ratio of non-perfoming loans (net of provisions) to capital declined from 326.0 % in 2005 to 60.2% in 2018.

Non-performing loans net of provisions to capital (percent)

The ratio of liquid assets to short-term liabilities increased from 40.2 % in 2005 to 93.5% in 2018.

Liquid assets to short term liabilities (percent)

The proportion of tariff lines applied to imports with zero-tariff increased from 62.7 % in 2005 to 68.4% in 2018.

Proportion of tariff lines applied to imports with zero-tariff (percent)

Total amount received in assistance for development declined from 10517.3 million dollars in 2005 to 2494.1 million dollars in 2018.

Total assistance for development, as recipient (millions of dollars)

Remittance costs were 6.4 % of the ammount remmitted in 2018.

Remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remitted (percent)

Sustainable Cities and Communities

Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable

The proportion of the urban population living in slums was 19.0 % in 2018.

In 2016, the annual population-weighted average mean concentration of fine suspended particles of less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) was 19.4 micrograms per cubic metre . This is above the maximum level for safety set by WHO of 10 micrograms per cubic metre.

Responsible Consumption and Production

Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

The material footprint (amount of primary materials used) stood at 4.3 kg per unit of GDP in 2017 .

Total domestic material consumption per unit of GDP (kilograms per constant 2010 dollars)

Domestic material consumption increased from 7.7 metric tons per capita in 2000 to 12.5 metric tons per capita in 2017.

Total domestic material consumption per capita (tonnes)

Electronic waste generated per capita increased from 1.8 kg in 2000 to 7.7 kg in 2019.

Electronic waste generated, per capita (kilograms)

12.3

The rate of electronic waste recycling was 12.3 % in 2017.

In 2019 , electronic waste recycling per capita reached 0.9 % .

Electronic waste recycling, per capita (kilograms)

The quantity of hazardous waste generated per capita decreased from 53.5 kg in 2000 to 13.6 kg in 2017.

Hazardous waste generated, per capita (kilograms)

In 2017, the amount of hazardous waste generated for each dollar of GDP was 0.0 kg .

In 2017 , the rate of hazardous waste treated or disposed reached 68.1 % , down from 82.3% in 2000.

Rate of hazardous waste treated or disposed (percent)

12.3

The rate of electronic waste recycling was 12.3 % in 2017.

In 2019 , electronic waste recycling per capita reached 0.9 % .

Electronic waste recycling, per capita (kilograms)

Fossil-fuel pre-tax subsidies (consumption and production) were 3.7 billion dollars in 2017.

Fossil-fuel pre-tax subsidies (consumption and production (billions of dollars)

Fossil-fuel pre-tax subsidies (consumption and production) per capita were 82.7 dollars in 2017.

Fossil-fuel pre-tax subsidies (consumption and production) per capita (dollars)

The share of fossil-fuel pre-tax subsidies (consumption and production) in total GDP was 3.3 % in 2017.

Fossil-fuel pre-tax subsidies (consumption and production) as a proportion of total GDP (percent)

Climate Action

Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.

In 2019, there were 45369.0 people affected by disasters.

People affected by disaster (number)

In 2019, there were 7.0 deaths due to disasters.

Deaths due to disaster (number)

In 2019, there were 0.0 deaths and missing persons attributed to disasters per 100,000 pupulation.

Deaths and missing persons attributed to disasters (per 100,000 population)

In 2019, there were a total of 7.0 deaths and missing persons attributed to disasters.

Deaths and missing persons attributed to disasters (number)

In 2019, there were 103.1 people affected by disasters per 100,000 pupulation.

People directly affected by disasters (per 100,000 population)

In 2019, there were 13.0 people injured or ill due to disasters.

Injured or ill people attributed to disasters (number)

In 2019, there were 33269.0 people with damaged dwellings due to disasters.

People with damaged dwellings attributed to disasters (numbre)

In 2019, there were 95.0 people with destroyed dwellings due to disasters.

People with destroyed dwellings attributed to disasters (number)

In 2019, there were 11992.0 people with with disrupted or destroyed livelihoods due to disasters.

People with disrupted or destroyed livelihoods attributed to disasters (number)

The score of adoption and implementation of national disaster and risk reduction strategies was 0.5 points in 0-1 scale in 2019.

Adoption and implementation of national disaster risk reduction strategies in line with the Sendai Framework (points in 0-1 scale)

100

Proportion of local governments that adopt and implement local disaster risk reduction strategies in line with national DRR strategies was 100.0 % in 2019.

Life Below Water

Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development

2.1

thousand square km

The extension of protected marine area was 2.1 thousand square km in 2018.

1.5

In 2018, 1.5 % of the marine environment under national jurisdiction (up to 200 nautical miles from shore) was under protection .

29.8

The average proportion of Marine Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) covered by protected areas was 29.8 % in 2019.

Life on Land

Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss

The proportion of land area covered by forest was 16.7 % in 2020.

Forest area as a proportion of total land area (percent)

The average proportion of freshwater key biodiversity areas (KBAs) covered by protected areas was 16.3 % in 2019 .

Average proportion of Freshwater Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) covered by protected areas (percent)

The average proportion of terrestrial key biodiversity areas (KBAs) covered by protected areas was 21.7 % in 2019 .

Average proportion of Terrestrial Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) covered by protected areas (percent)

Above-ground biomass stock in forest increased from 114.0 tonnes per hectare in 2000 to 140.0 tonnes per hectare in 2020.

Above-ground biomass stock in forest (tonnes per hectare)

Forest area under an independently verified forest management certification scheme 0.0 million hectares in 2000 to 4.4 million hectares in 2019.

Forest area under an independently verified forest management certification scheme (million hectares)

The annual net change rate of forest area reached 0.1 % in 2020.

Forest area annual net change rate (percent)

The proportion of forest area under a long-term management plan was 89.6 % in 2020.

Proportion of forest area under a long-term management plan (percent)

The proportion of forest area within legally established protected areas was 14.6 % in 2020.

Proportion of forest area within legally established protected areas (percent)

The proportion of land that is degraded over total land area was 25.0 % in 2015.

The average proportion of Mountain Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) covered by protected areas was 40.5 % in 2019 .

Average proportion of Mountain Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) covered by protected areas (percent)

97.8

The Mountain Green Cover Index was 97.8 in 2017.

0.9

The Red List Index was 0.9 in 2020.

Total reported number of Standard Material Transfer Agreements (SMTAs) transferring plant genetic resources for food and agriculture to the country was 296.0 in 2019.

Total reported number of Standard Material Transfer Agreements (SMTAs) transferring plant genetic resources for food and agriculture to the country (agreements)

Total amount received in assistance for biodiversity increased from 1.0 million dollars in 2005 to 15.2 million dollars in 2018.

Total official development assistance for biodiversity, as recipient (millions of constant 2018 dollars)

Total amount received in assistance for biodiversity increased from 1.0 million dollars in 2005 to 15.2 million dollars in 2018.

Total official development assistance for biodiversity, as recipient (millions of constant 2018 dollars)

Peace and Justice - Strong Institutions

Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels

In 2017, 198.0 people were detected victims of human trafficking .

Number of detected victims of human trafficking (persons)

1.8

The proportion of women aged 18-29 years who experienced sexual violence by age 18 stood at 1.8 % in 2007.

In 2018, 32.7 % of the overall prison population were unsentenced detainees .

Unsentenced detainees as a proportion of overall prison population (percent)

50.4

The proportion of firms experiencing at least one bribe payment request increased from 38.5 % in 2008 to 50.4% in 2013.

Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget declined from 109.8 % in 2004 to 90.7% in 2014.

Primary government expenditures as a proportion of original approved budget (percent)

99.8

In 2012, there were about 99.8 % of children under age 5 whose births were registered with a civil authority

Partnerships for the Goals

Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development

The total government revenue as a proportion of GDP increased from 26.7 % in 2000 to 41.5% in 2018.

Total government revenue (budgetary central government) as a proportion of GDP (percent)

Relative to GDP, the domestic budget funded by domestic taxes increased from 49.9 % in 2000 to 62.8% in 2018.

Domestic budget funded by domestic taxes as a proportion of GDP (percent)

Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows increased from 200.0 million dollars in 1992 to 2355.0 million dollars in 2018.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows (millions of dollars)

In 2018, the inflow of personal remittances was 11.2 % of GDP , 0.0 % in 1996

Remittances in dollars as a proportion of total GDP (percent)

Debt service as a proportion of exports of goods and services increased from 1.5 % in 1994 to 10.6% in 2018.

Debt service as a proportion of exports of goods and services (percent)

Fixed-broadband internet penetration reached increased from 0.3 per 100 inhabitants in 2005 to 12.8 per 100 inhabitants in 2018.

Fixed Internet broadband subscriptions (per 100 inhabitants)

The number of Internet users per 100 inhabitants increased from 0.7 in 2000 to 62.6 in 2018.

Internet users (per 100 inhabitants)

The total gross disbursement of official development assistance for technical cooperation in constant prices of 2018 declined from 208.3 million dollars in 2005 to 192.3 million dollars in 2018.

Total official development assistance (gross disbursement) for technical cooperation (millions of 2018 dollars)

The worldwide weighted tariff-average for countries with most-favoured-nation status declined from 5.0 % in 2005 to 2.9% in 2018.

Worldwide weighted tariff-average, most-favoured-nation status (percent)

The worldwide weighted tariff-average for countries with preferential status declined from 3.6 % in 2005 to 1.6% in 2018.

Worldwide weighted tariff-average, preferential status (percent)

3.4

million dollars

The value of all resources made available to strengthen statistical capacity in developing countries was 3.4 million dollars in 2017.